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They will also support numerous treaties, including the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and the proposed treaty to ban the production of nuclear materials for weapons.

Nuclear Downsizing: Report Identifies Steps to Reduce US Arsenal, Prevent Spread of Atomic Bombs and Keep Stockpile Safe

ScienceDaily (Feb. 19, 2010) — The American Physical Society (APS), the world's leading organization of physicists, has released a report identifying technical steps that will help the U.S. achieve its goals to downsize the nuclear arsenal, prevent the spread of atomic bombs and keep the stockpile safe and secure.

Vice President Joe Biden outlined those objectives during a speech in Washington, D.C., and the APS report, Technical Steps to Support Nuclear Downsizing, provides concrete steps -- including the use of nuclear archaeology to validate nations' production of atomic material -- that will help the nation accomplish its goals.

"There are no technical showstoppers," said Jay Davis, a lead study participant, founder of the Defense Threat Reduction Agency and former U.N. weapons inspector in Iraq. "The technologies are at hand to substantially reduce the size of nuclear arsenals; no great inventions are required. The good news is we can do it. The bad news is it will take a long time. But, if Congress follows the report's recommendations, downsizing the nuclear arsenal can be done safely and securely." Davis outlined the recommendations during a news conference at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

As part of its nuclear non-proliferation efforts, the Obama Administration recently began discussions with Russia on a successor agreement to the 1991 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty -- the largest and most complex arms control treaty in history. The Administration is also scheduled next month to provide Congress with an assessment of its nuclear forces and will host 44 nations during a Nuclear Security Summit in April with a goal of keeping nuclear materials out of the hands of terrorists.

Consistent with the President's vision to support nuclear arsenal downsizing and non-proliferation, the U.S. should take the following steps, according to the APS report:

1) To support the goal of verifiable downsizing and dismantlement:

● Declassify the total number of U.S. nuclear weapons -- deployed, reserve and retired -- and encourage other nuclear-armed countries to do the same.
● Establish centers for verification research and validation to serve as test beds for assessing technologies and methodologies.
● Support nuclear archeology -- research and development and demonstrations as a step to developing an internationally accepted capability to validate nuclear materials declarations

2) To support the goal of sustaining the capability and expertise:

● Refurbish elements of the U.S nuclear weapons infrastructure needed to sustain a smaller nuclear weapons stockpile.
● Encourage the National Nuclear Security Administration and its laboratories to adapt to a broader nuclear security mission that stockpile reduction will bring and for the national nuclear security roles that they will play.

3) To support the goal of ensuring peaceful uses of nuclear material:

● Strengthen federal investments in key programs, including those to enhance safeguards, detect undeclared nuclear materials facilities, and address potential risks associated with global growth of nuclear expertise.
● Elevate the priority of non-proliferation in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission licensing process.
● Establish a program of information sharing among nuclear-related industries.

Taken together, these steps will provide a strong science and technology foundation for nuclear arms reduction proposals and nuclear non-proliferation goals. They will also support numerous treaties, including the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and the proposed treaty to ban the production of nuclear materials for weapons.

Read the full report.